Rhino

Rhino models curves and surfaces with high accuracy. Grasshopper lets designers build parametric definitions with nodes, so changing a number updates a whole design. A large plug-in ecosystem covers rendering, fabrication, and analysis.

It is sold as a perpetual license rather than a subscription. The learning curve is moderate for basic modeling and steeper for Grasshopper.

SketchUp and Revit overlap in some uses. Rhino suits architects and designers who work with complex geometry.